Governing · Metric

Trademark registration times in international context

At its peak in February 2024, the Canadian Intellectual Property Office made applicants wait over 1,700 days — roughly 4.7 years — just for a first examination of a trademark application, by far the longest of any major IP office in the world. A hiring surge of 127 new examiners has since cut the forecast wait to about 7.2 months for applications filed in April 2026 — still the slowest first-examination queue among the G7 offices compared here. The USPTO examines in 4.4 months, Japan in about 5.4, and the UK in roughly two weeks.

Read this first. The eight offices do not run the same process. Germany and Japan register a trademark before the opposition window opens, so their filing-to-registration times are structurally shorter; Canada, the US, the UK, France, Italy, and the EUIPO put opposition before registration. France and Italy do not examine "relative grounds" (conflicts with earlier marks) at all unless an opposition is filed; the other offices do. CIPO's 7.2-month figure is a forecast for new filings, not a measured average, and Canada publishes no official filing-to-registration average. Treat the charts below as directional, not as a league table.
CIPO peak wait, Feb 2024
~1,700 d
~4.7 years to first examination — longest of any major IP office. An application filed in 2019 could reach 2024 without an examiner opening the file.
CIPO forecast, Apr 2026 filings
7.2 mo
Down from 56+ mo at the peak. Achieved via 127 new examiners and queue reform; accelerated examination ended July 2025.
Compared with peers
Last in G7
USPTO 4.4 mo · JPO 5.4 mo · UIBM ~2-3 mo · EUIPO 1.5-2 mo · INPI ~1.5 mo · UKIPO ~10 working days.

How Canada compares

Three views: wait to first examination across eight offices, total filing-to-registration time for an unopposed application, and Canada's own backlog recovery arc since February 2024.

Wait from filing to first examination

Most recent figure published or forecast by each office. For France and the EUIPO, the closest equivalent is time to publication, which follows the office's examination.

🇨🇦 CIPO 🇺🇸 USPTO 🇬🇧 UKIPO 🇯🇵 JPO 🇩🇪 DPMA 🇫🇷 INPI 🇮🇹 UIBM 🇪🇺 EUIPO

Even after dramatic improvement, CIPO's ~7.2-month forecast wait to first examination is the longest of the eight offices — about 1.6× the USPTO and roughly 14× the UKIPO, which issues examination reports in about ten working days.

Sources: CIPO trademarks wait-time forecast (Apr 2026); USPTO trademark dashboard (Apr 30, 2026); JPO Status Report 2025; DPMA Factsheet 2023 / Annual Report 2024; UKIPO performance via CITMA (Feb 2025); INPI process documentation; EUIPO guidance; UIBM via practitioner reporting; Trama (Aug 2021) for cross-office filing-to-registration measurement.

The full data

The EUIPO is included as the European benchmark: a single EU trademark covers France, Germany, and Italy, and most commercially significant marks in those countries are filed there. National-office figures for France and Italy come from official process descriptions and practitioner reporting rather than published statistical dashboards.

Office Country As of Wait to first examination Filing → registration (unopposed) Opposition window Comparability caveats

Findings

Finding 1

Canada ran the worst trademark backlog in the developed world

By February 2024 the wait for a first examination at CIPO exceeded 1,700 days — nearly five years, and by a wide margin the longest of any major IP office. An applicant who filed in 2019 could reach 2024 without an examiner ever having opened the file. Practitioners reported total filing-to-registration timelines of four to five years for routine, unopposed applications.

Finding 2

The fix worked — but Canada is still last in the G7 queue

CIPO onboarded 127 new trademark examiners and re-engineered its queue; the forecast wait to examination fell from ~56 months (Feb 2024) to 7.2 months for April 2026 filings, and the office ended accelerated examination in July 2025 because the backlog was under control. Yet 7.2 months still trails every comparator: USPTO 4.4, JPO ~5.4, Italy ~2–3, EUIPO ~1.5–2, France ~1.5, UK ~0.5.

Finding 3

Process design explains part of the gap — but not Canada's

Germany registers in ~2.3 months and Japan in ~7 partly because both put the opposition window after registration, and France and Italy skip relative-grounds examination entirely. Canada has no such structural excuse: its process resembles the US and UK models, yet its measured 2021 registration time (~19 months) was 1.5× the US and 4× the UK, and backlog-era registrations ran far longer.

Finding 4

Backlog recovery measured in months, not years

From nearly five years to about seven months in 26 months — one of the fastest backlog recoveries on record. The trajectory shows what is possible when a service-delivery problem is publicly identified and resourced: peak 56+ months (Feb 2024) → 28 months (2024 filings) → 15 months (2025 filings) → 7.8 months (Dec 2025) → 7.2 months (Apr 2026). The same arc has not been attempted for healthcare or call-centre waits.

Sources & methodology

What each office's number measures
Why the chart is directional, not a league table

Three structural differences prevent a clean ranking. First, opposition timing: Germany and Japan register before opposition, so their filing-to-registration clocks omit a stage that adds two to three months everywhere else. Second, examination depth: France and Italy examine only absolute grounds (distinctiveness, formalities), while Canada, the US, the UK, and Japan also search for conflicting earlier marks — deeper examination takes longer per file. Third, measurement basis: CIPO publishes a forward-looking forecast for new filings; the USPTO publishes measured averages over recent disposals; UKIPO publishes target-compliance rates; Italy and France publish no statistics at all, so practitioner-observed timelines are used.

The Canada-specific numbers also need care. The 7.2-month figure is the forecast for an application filed in April 2026 — applications already in the queue, and registrations issuing today, still reflect backlog-era waits. The only independent cross-office measurement of total registration time (Trama, August 2021, last 1,000 registrations per office) found Canada at 583 days (~19 months) against 391 for the USPTO, 150 for the EUIPO, and 141 for the UKIPO — and that snapshot was taken before the Canadian backlog peaked.

The G7 coverage question: Germany, France, and Italy retain national offices, but the EUIPO handles the bulk of commercially significant filings for all three (180,447 EU trademark applications in 2024, vs 77,221 German national applications). Both levels are shown where data exists.

Primary sources
Page last reviewed April 2026 · Data current to April 2026 filings — the latest CIPO wait-time forecast